Postal Service. Homosexuality was illegal, and gays and lesbians were subject to governmental and societal discrimination. Bulgarians were the fourth largest ethnic group in Transnistria, albeit much less numerous than the three larger ethnicities. Tense situations have periodically surfaced due to these territorial disputes, such as in 2005, when Transnistrian forces entered Vasilievca,[73] in 2006 around Varnia, and in 2007 in the Dubsari-Cocieri area, when a confrontation between Moldovan and Transnistrian forces occurred, though without any casualties. [22] Most Transnistrians have Moldovan citizenship,[23] but many also have Russian, Romanian, or Ukrainian citizenship. Most Bulgarians in Transnistria are Bessarabian Bulgarians, descendants of expatriates who settled in Bessarabia in the 18th19th century. [21] This agreement was implemented after the European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM) took force in 2005. ; 3 Rbnia () with two important bridges over the Dniester River, Rbnia has a scenic location, and is home to Transnistria's largest company, a steelworks The city is located on the . The economy is based on a mix of heavy industry (steel production), electricity production, and manufacturing (textile production), which together account for about 80% of the total industrial output.[118]. ; 2 Bendery - Inside the Moldovan territory with a beautiful fortress to its north. ", This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 08:08. Following is a list of largest companies in Pakistan: Conglomerates. [42], In the 1980s, Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of perestroika and glasnost in the Soviet Union allowed political liberalisation at a regional level. In late October 2014 MTS-Ukraine, which held a 57% share of the Crimean market of mobile telecommunication services, has sold all . Transnistria has been recognised only by three other unrecognised or partially recognised breakaway states: Abkhazia, Artsakh and South Ossetia. [144], In August 2021, the Transnistrian government refused to register the Lucian Blaga Theoretical Lyceum at Tiraspol and forced it to cease its activities for three months, which will affect the school year of the students of the school and constitutes a violation of several articles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.[148]. Then president Sergei Bagapsh was also . "[144], Public education in the Romanian language (officially called Moldovan language in Transnistria) is done using the Soviet-originated Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet. [55] Starting from 2 March 1992, there was concerted military action between Moldova and Transnistria. However, as recently as 2005, registration hurdles were met with by some religious groups, notably the Jehovah's Witnesses. Nina Shtanski served as Transnistria's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2012 to 2015; Vitaly Ignatiev[ru] succeeded her as minister. Return to the USSR - Excursion in Transnistria 11 Recommended by 90% of travelers Bus Tours from $114.30 per adult Tiraspol must-see tour - Transnistria 112 Recommended by 98% of travelers Private and Luxury from $27.21 per adult 3. [93] On the other hand, Moldova believes that fewer than 500 soldiers are authorised pursuant to the ceasefire and, in 2015, began to arrest and deport Russian soldiers who are part of the excess forces and attempt to use Moldovan airports. Flag of Transnistria (state).svg. [91][92] As of 2007[update] however, Russia insists that it has already fulfilled those obligations. [56] Known as "the Kozak memorandum", it did not coincide with the Transnistrian position, which sought equal status between Transnistria and Moldova, but gave Transnistria veto powers over future constitutional changes; this encouraged Transnistria to sign it. [147], In November 2005 Ion Iovcev, the principal of a Romanian-language school in Transnistria and active advocate for human rights as well as a critic of the Transnistrian leadership, received threatening calls that he attributed to his criticism of the separatist regime. Although exercising no direct control over the territory of Transnistria, the Moldovan government passed the "Law on Basic Provisions of the Special Legal Status of Localities from the Left Bank of the Dniester" on 22 July 2005, which established part of Transnistria (territory of Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic without Bender and without territories, which are under control of Moldova) as an autonomous territorial unit within the Republic of Moldova. State Statistics Service of Pridnestrovie, Subdivisions and localities of Transnistria (, , , , , Russian military presence in Transnistria, Transnistria adopted a white-blue-red tricolor flag in 2017, which is almost identical to the, The Supreme Soviet changed the official name of the republic from Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic to Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic on 5 November 1991. rochester police news; digitalocean load balancer health check kubernetes; 12. In addition, another municipality, the City of Bender, situated on the western bank of the Dniester, in Bessarabia, and geographically outside Transnistria, is not part of the territorial unit of Transnistria as defined by the Moldovan central authorities, but it is controlled by the PMR authorities, which consider it part of PMR's administrative organisation: Each of the districts is further divided into cities and communes. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is trying to facilitate a negotiated settlement. As part of the ceasefire agreement, a three-party (Russia, Moldova, Transnistria) Joint Control Commission supervises the security arrangements in the demilitarised zone, comprising 20 localities on both sides of the river. According to the decree of its creation, most of the 14th Guards Army's military equipment was to be retained by Moldova. [57], The 5+2 format (or 5+2 talks; composed by Transnistria, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia and the OSCE, plus the United States and the EU as external observers) for negotiation was started in 2005 to deal with the problems, but without results for many years as it was suspended. European . [76] During the 2006 presidential election, the registration of opposition candidate Andrey Safonov was delayed until a few days before the vote, so that he had little time to conduct an election campaign. The largest companies by turnover The largest employers in total The most profitable companies TOP LISTS COUNTRY Denmark by turnover Finland by turnover Norway by turnover Sweden by turnover Top lists county Stockholm County Capital Region of Denmark Southern Finland Oslo County The best Nordic search engine gets even better! [8], According to another source, the largest ethnic groups in 2015 were 161,300 Russians (34%), 156,600 Moldovans (33%), and 126,700 Ukrainians (26.7%). The human rights record of Transnistria has been criticised by several governments and international organisations.[which?] Name Headquarters Assets Industry Net Income Nishat Group: Lahore: US$6 billion: Conglomerate: Fauji Foundation: . Over the years, Moldova has largely permitted Russian officers and soldiers to transit the airport on their way to Transnistria, though occasionally it blocked those that were not clearly identified as international peacekeepers or who failed to give sufficient advance notice. Mihai Grecu, Anatol ranu, Trupele Ruse n Republica Moldova (Culegere de documente i materiale). News and Reports Midnight Edition 12/23-24/23 - Transnistria in the Spotlight with Largest Arsenal in Europe That Ukraine Desperately Needs. Apart from that, the Operational Group of Russian Forces of around 1,000 soldiers and officers is stationed in the unrecognized republic to ensure the security of ammunition depots that store more . In 2007, foreign experts working on behalf of the United Nations said that the historically low levels of transparency and continued denial of full investigations to international monitors have reinforced negative perceptions of the Transnistrian government, although recent co-operation by Transnistrian authorities may have reflected a shift in the attitude of Transnistria. [123][124] These allegations are denied by the Transnistrian government, and sometimes downplayed by the officials of Russia and Ukraine.[125]. The top list data is always based on the latest available financial statements. On Feb. 28, the so-called Ministry of Defense of unrecognized Transnistria announced a three-month military training campaign. The second-largest European company on the Global 2000, car-maker Volkswagen, has seen its stock shed nearly 16% over the past year. largest company in transnistria +1 (760) 205-9936. Following the collapse of the former Soviet Union, the Russian 14th Army left 40,000 tons of weaponry and ammunition in Transnistria. It states the remaining troops are serving as peacekeepers authorised under the 1992 ceasefire, are not in violation of the Istanbul accords and will remain until the conflict is fully resolved. [145] These schools were later registered as private schools and reopened, which may have been accelerated by pressure from the European Union. This led to the creation of various informal movements all over the country, and to a rise of nationalism within most Soviet republics. Following the 1991 Soviet coup d'tat attempt, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian SSR declared its independence from the Soviet Union; on 5 November 1991 Transnistria abandoned its socialist ideology and was renamed "Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic".[53]. Germans accounted for 1,400 or 0.3% and Poles for 1,000 or 0.2%. The biggest industrial companies in the US are involved in various sectors which include aerospace, lumber production, tools, defense, construction, waste management, cement and metal. Both Swiss companies' agrochemical and pharmaceutical divisions made Novartis the company it is today. Royal Dutch Shell [104], As of 2007[update], the armed forces and the paramilitary of Transnistria were composed of around 4,5007,500 soldiers, divided into four motorised infantry brigades in Tiraspol, Bender, Rbnia, and Dubsari. [47] Transnistria's ethnic and linguistic composition differed significantly from most of the rest of Moldova. Four of these schools were forcibly closed by the authorities, who claimed this was due to the refusal of the schools to apply for official accreditation. 19. Between 1929 and 1940, Tiraspol functioned as the capital of the Moldavian ASSR, an autonomous republic that existed from 1924 to 1940 within the Ukrainian SSR. A cafe in Transnistria called Back in the USSR (MEE/Andrei Popoviciu) Tiraspol announced earlier this year its highest ever trade turnover with Russia of more than $820 million. The passage of soldiers of the 14th Guards Army would be illegal. - the largest telecommunications operator on the territory of Pridnestrovie, -the best cognacs, wine and drinks of Tiraspol; - production of cotton fabrics, knitwear and ready-made garments; - production of electric and heat energy by cogeneration plants; - the latest achievements and technologies in sturgeon breeding; Company Highlights: Lithia Motors, Inc. is one of the largest providers of personal transportation solutions in the United States and is among the fastest growing companies in the Fortune 500. Under the guise of protection of Russia's interests, the special unit's soldiers used to be transferred to areas of conflict - Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh, Crimea, Georgia. Chiinu, 2004, p. 600. Number of employees worldwide (in 1,000s) Volkswagen (Germany) 671.21. Bender Fortress Rbnia seen from the road bridge. One city (Bender) and six villages on the west bank are controlled by the PMR, but are considered by Moldova as a separate municipality (Bender and village of Proteagailovca) or part of the Cueni District (five villages in three communes). In 2000 and 2001, Russia withdrew by rail 141 self-propelled artillery pieces and other armoured vehicles and destroyed locally, 108 T-64 tanks and 139 other pieces of military equipment limited by the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE). curtis wayne wright jr wife. [113] Roman Catholics are mainly located in northern Transnistria, where a notable Polish minority lives. On 19 July 2004, after it finally passed through parliament President Vladimir Putin signed the Law on the ratification of the CFE Treaty in Europe, which committed Russia to remove the heavy armaments limited by this Treaty. January 30, 2023 Author: Luca Ventura Overall, the 195 smallest producers included in the report . As of 2009[update] the population of Transnistria comprised about 555,000 people. [10] Transnistria is officially designated by the Republic of Moldova as the Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester (Romanian: Unitile Administrativ-Teritoriale din stnga Nistrului)[11] or as Stnga Nistrului ("Left Bank of the Dniester"). The present history of the region dates to 1990, during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, when the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was established in hopes that it would remain within the Soviet Union should Moldova seek unification with Romania or independence, the latter occurring in August 1991. Moldova and the Dniestr Region: Contest Past, Frozen Present, Speculative Futures? The breakaway Moldovan region of Transnistria has probably the largest weapons depots in eastern Europe. The president is directly elected for a maximum of two consecutive five-year terms. Wells Fargo. Moldovans were the largest ethnic group, representing an overall majority in the two districts in the central Transnistria (Dubsari District, 50.2%, and Grigoriopol District, 64.8%) a 47.8% relative majority in the northern Camenca District, and a 41.5% relative majority in the southern (Slobozia District). [141], According to a 2006 U.S. Department of State report:[142]. Despite a 30% tax increase in 2007, the pension fund is still lacking money and emergency measures must be taken. Transnistrians are able to travel (normally without difficulty) in and out of the territory under PMR control to neighbouring Moldovan-controlled territory, to Ukraine, and on to Russia, by road or (when service is not interrupted by political tensions) on two international trains, the year-round Moscow-Chiinu, and the seasonal Saratov-Varna. ABCorp is a world leader in providing secure payment and retail cards, visa, vital record and transaction documents, systems and services to government and financial institutions, and is one of the largest producers of plastic transaction cards in the world. [75] The majority in the Parliament of Transnistria belongs to the Renewal movement that defeated the Republic party affiliated with Igor Smirnov in 2005 and performed even better in the 2010 and 2015 elections. However, no further withdrawal activities have taken place since March 2004 and a further 20,000 tons of ammunition, as well as some remaining military equipment, are still to be removed. [101] In that prelude, similar unattributed clashes happened in Donbas in February 2022: Ukraine denied being involved in those incidents and called them a false flag operation as well. The ethnic composition of the region has been unstable in recent history, with the most notable change being the decreasing share of Moldovan and Jewish population segments and increase of the Russian. [143], According to a US Department of State report for 2006, "Both of the region's major newspapers were controlled by the authorities. For more companies, head on over to 5 Biggest Private Jet Companies in the World. The more radical factions of the Popular Front espoused extreme anti-minority, ethnocentric and chauvinist positions,[44][45] calling for minority populations, particularly the Slavs (mainly Russians and Ukrainians) and Gagauz, to leave or be expelled from Moldova. The rankings and market cap data of these companies are updated regularly. "From secessionist conflict toward a functioning state: processes of state-and nation-building in Transnistria. In the interest of preserving a unified Moldavian SSR within the USSR and preventing the situation escalating further, then Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, while citing the restriction of civil rights of ethnic minorities by Moldova as the cause of the dispute, declared the Transnistria proclamation to be lacking legal basis and annulled it by presidential decree on 22 December 1990. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Transnistria wanted to return to a "Brezhnev-style planned economy". Following a large scale privatisation process in the late 1990s,[117] most of the companies in Transnistria are now privately owned. According to the government of Transnistria, the 2007 GDP was 6789 mln ruble (appx US$799million) and the GDP per capita was about US$1,500. China Petrochemical Corporation or Sinopec Group is the world's largest oil refining, gas and petrochemical conglomerate, administered by SASAC for the State Council of the People's Republic of China. Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), is an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as a part of Moldova.Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester river and the Moldovan-Ukrainian border, as well as some land on the other side of the river's bank.Its capital and largest city is Tiraspol. [133][134] In November 2007, the total debt of Transnistria's public sector was up to US$1.64billion. ", Cojocaru, Natalia. Total profits of the company in 2019 (in millions of dollars): -8,813 They are situated north and south of the city of Dubsari, which itself is under PMR control. In Bender (Tighina) and the other non-Transnistria localities under PMR control, ethnic Russians represented a 43.4% relative majority, followed by Moldovans at 26.2%, Ukrainians at 17.1%, Bulgarians at 2.9%, Gagauzians at 1.0%, Jews at 0.3%, Poles at 0.2%, Roma at 0.1%, and others at 7.8%. In 1941, after Axis forces invaded the Soviet Union during the Second World War, they defeated the Soviet troops in the region and occupied it. This shift towards the EU market continued to grow in 2016.[138]. The former Soviet 14th Guards Army entered the conflict in its final stage, opening fire against Moldovan forces;[55] approximately 700 people were killed. The Russian government denied the claims. Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester river and the MoldovanUkrainian border, as well as some land on the other side of the river's bank. Transnistrian authorities declared that they are not involved in the manufacture or export of weapons. With 2021 coming to a close, it's time to highlight seven more major companies that rose to the occasion this year. It affirms that the republic has freedom of religion and states that 114 religious beliefs and congregations are officially registered. During World War II, the Soviet Union took parts of the Moldavian ASSR, which was dissolved, and of the Kingdom of Romania's Bessarabia to form the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1940. After a 2005 agreement between Moldova and Ukraine, all Transnistrian companies that seek to export goods through the Ukrainian border must be registered with the Moldovan authorities. safe word ideas for shifting The urbanisation rate was 69.9%. [132] In March 2007 the debt to Gazprom for the acquisition of natural gas increased to US$1.3billion. The Transnistria War followed armed clashes on a limited scale that broke out between Transnistrian separatists and Moldova as early as November 1990 at Dubsari. Total revenue of the company in 2019 (in millions of dollars): 71,154. The Supreme Council is a unicameral legislature. "The Dniester Conflict: Between Irredentism and Separatism,", "Ukaz Prezidenta Soiuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik O Merakh po Normalizatsii Obstanovki v SSR Moldova,", "Postanovlenie verkhovnogo soveta Pridnestrovskoi Moldavskoi Respubliki ob izmenenii nazvaniia respubliki,", John O'Loughlin, Vladimir Kolossov & Gerald Toal, "Inside the post-Soviet de facto states: a comparison of attitudes in Abkhazia, Nagorny Karabakh, South Ossetia, and Transnistria, in, "Nezavisimaya Moldova", 25 October 1994; Informative Report of FAM of RM, nr.2, October 1994, pp. The capital city, which is also the largest, is Chiinu. Ukrainians were the third largest ethnic group, representing a 45.41% relative majority in the northern Rbnia District, a 42.6% minority in Camenca, a 33.0% minority in Tiraspol, a 28.3% minority in Dubsari, a 23.4% minority in Slobozia, and a 17.4% minority in Grigoriopol. According to the 2006 referendum, carried out by the PMR government, 97.2% of the population voted in favour of "independence from Moldova and free association with Russia". It has 43 members who are elected for 5-year terms. It is convertible at a freely floating exchange rate but only in Transnistria. The region's origins can be traced to the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which was formed in 1924 within the Ukrainian SSR. See: "Postanovlenie verkhovnogo soveta Pridnestrovskoi Moldavskoi Respubliki ob izmenenii nazvaniia respubliki,". Moldova & The Dniestr Region: Contested Past, Frozen Present, Speculative Futures? The company explores for, produces, transports and markets crude oil, natural gas and bitumen for organizations worldwide. Walmart also led ranking of companies by revenue in 2022, with a total revenue of about 600. [104] The Moldovan authorities called these events a provocation aimed at destabilising the situation in the region. The punishment is up to three years of jail for ordinary people or up to seven years of jail if the crime was committed by a person of responsibility or a group of persons by prior agreement. [79] The PMR government said "the government of Moldova launched a campaign aimed at convincing international observers not to attend" an election held on 11 December 2005 but monitors from the Russian-led Commonwealth of Independent States election monitors ignored that and declared the ballot democratic. What they do: Launched in 2012, ConocoPhillips is an oil and gas company with operations in more than 17 countries. The similar-sized economies of the United Kingdom and France were the. As per the 2017 census, the country had a population of about 3.4 million people including that of Transnistria. Aramco, which the Saudi government owns, is considered the world's second-largest company, with crude oil reserves of 270 billion barrels. With a Gross Domestic Product of over 3.57 trillion Euros, the German economy was by far the largest in Europe in 2021. Largest European companies based on number of employees worldwide in 2020 (in 1,000s) Characteristic. The entire economy of Transniestria can more or less be reduced to five companies: a cement producer, a steel producer, Tirotex, Russian energy company Inter RAO UES, and Sheriff. By ethnic composition, the population of Transnistria was distributed as follows: Russians 29.1%, Moldovans 28.6%, Ukrainians 22.9%, Bulgarians 2.4%, Gagauzians 1.1%, Belarusians 0.5%, Transnistrian 0.2%, other nationalities 1.4%. Transnistria is landlocked and borders Bessarabia (the region the Republic of Moldova is based on, for 411km, 255 miles) to the west, and Ukraine (for 405km, 250 miles) to the east. dashboard NASDAQ Composite Index Dashboard Browse Countries, Sectors, Industries, Stock Indices & Top Companies . [86] In the months after the regulations, exports from Transnistria declined drastically. [99][bettersourceneeded], After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Transnistria declared it would maintain its neutrality in the situation and denied claims that it would assist in the attack on Ukraine. ! Pages in category "Companies of Transnistria" The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. 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In 1924, the Moldavian ASSR was proclaimed within the Ukrainian SSR; the ASSR included today's Transnistria (4,100km2, 1,600sqmi) and an area (4,200km2, 1,600sqmi) to the northeast around the city of Balta, but nothing from Bessarabia, which at the time formed part of Romania. ADVERTISEMENT Speaking on a conference call with . Some notable and recent achievements of Novartis include the company being recognized as a Bronze COVID Champion in 2021 by the Learning Performance Institute. There is a regular mix of modern news media in Transnistria with a number of television stations, newspapers, and radio stations. [20] The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) included a paragraph about the removal of Russian troops from Moldova's territory and was introduced into the text of the OSCE Summit Declaration of Istanbul (1999) in which Russia had committed itself to pulling out its troops from Transnistria by the end of 2002. One of the reasons for the creation of the Moldavian ASSR was the desire of the Soviet Union at the time to eventually incorporate Bessarabia. [17][18][19][20] Its authorities have adopted a constitution, flag, national anthem, and coat of arms. [89] However, even after 2002, the Russian parliament did not ratify the Istanbul accords. Only the proportion of Ukrainians remained reasonably stable 27.2% in 1926, 28.3% in 1989 and 28.8% in 2004. [43] The most prominent of these movements was the Popular Front of Moldova. The current President is Vadim Krasnoselsky. For additional context, LinkedIn's ad reach in Transnistria was equivalent to 4.1 percent of the local internet user base (regardless of age) at the start of the year.